Publications and research reports based on the IPUMS data must cite it appropriately. Recommended citations for the current version of each project are listed below. In addition, publications and research reports making use of IPUMS data should be added to our Bibliography
IPUMS USA
Steven Ruggles, Sarah Flood, Matthew Sobek, Daniel Backman, Grace Cooper, Julia A. Rivera Drew, Stephanie Richards, Renae Rogers, Jonathan Schroeder, and Kari C.W. Williams. IPUMS USA: Version 16.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V16.0
IPUMS Ancestry Full Count
Steven Ruggles, Matt A. Nelson, Matthew Sobek, Catherine A. Fitch, Ronald Goeken, J. David Hacker, Evan Roberts, and J. Robert Warren. IPUMS Ancestry Full Count Data: Version 4.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D014.V4.0
IPUMS Ancestry Full Count Restricted
Steven Ruggles, Matt A. Nelson, Matthew Sobek, Catherine A. Fitch, Ronald Goeken, J. David Hacker, Evan Roberts, and J. Robert Warren. IPUMS Ancestry Full Count Restricted Data: Version 4.0R [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D014.V4.0R
IPUMS NHGIS
Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Katherine Knowles, Tracy Kugler, Finn Roberts, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 19.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2024. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V19.0
IPUMS International
Steven Ruggles, Lara L. Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovatón Dávila, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan E. Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee, and Nate Merrill. IPUMS International: Version 7.6 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.6
Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agencies that originally produced the data, listed here. All emails sent by the IPUMS International data extract system provide model acknowledgment text for crediting the relevant statistical offices.
IPUMS IHGIS
Tracy A. Kugler, Steven Manson, Kathryn Grace, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Steven Ruggles. IPUMS International Historical Geographic Information System: Version 3 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D120.V3
IPUMS CPS
Sarah Flood, Miriam King, Renae Rodgers, Steven Ruggles, J. Robert Warren, Daniel Backman, Annie Chen, Grace Cooper, Stephanie Richards, Megan Schouweiler, and Michael Westberry. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Current Population Survey: Version 12.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D030.V12.0
IPUMS ATUS
Sarah M. Flood, Liana C. Sayer, Daniel Backman and Annie Chen. American Time Use Survey Data Extract Builder: Version 3.2 [dataset]. College Park, MD: University of Maryland and Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2023. https://doi.org/10.18128/D060.V3.2
IPUMS AHTUS
Kimberly Fisher, Jonathan Gershuny, Sarah M. Flood, Joan Garcia Roman and Sandra L. Hofferth. American Heritage Time Use Study Extract Builder: Version 1.2 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18128/D061.V1.2
IPUMS MTUS
Kimberly Fisher, Jonathan Gershuny, Sarah M. Flood, Daniel Backman and Sandra L. Hofferth. Multinational Time Use Study Extract System: Version 1.4 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18128/D062.V1.4
IPUMS NHIS
Lynn A. Blewett, Julia A. Rivera Drew, Miriam L. King and Kari C.W. Williams, Daniel Backman, Annie Chen, and Stephanie Richards. IPUMS Health Surveys: National Health Interview Survey, Version 7.4 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D070.V7.4
IPUMS MEPS
Lynn A. Blewett, Julia A. Rivera Drew, Daniel Backman, Annie Chen, Grace Cooper, Megan Schouweiler, Stephanie Richards. IPUMS Health Surveys: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Version 2.4 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D071.V2.4
IPUMS DHS
Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Miriam King and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS Demographic and Health Surveys: Version 11 [dataset]. IPUMS and ICF International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D080.V11
Sample-specific citations are also available on the IPUMS DHS citation page.
IPUMS MICS
Anna Bolgrien, Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Matthew Sobek and Miriam King. IPUMS MICS Data Harmonization Code. Version 1.3 [Stata syntax]. IPUMS: Minneapolis, MN. , 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D082.V1.3
IPUMS PMA
Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Devon Kristiansen and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS PMA: Version 8.2 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D081.V8.2
Users should also cite the PMA source data appropriately for each sample used, according to the following framework:
Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA), [the name of the relevant PMA partner institution(s)]. [Survey year]. [Country]. Baltimore, MD: PMA2020, Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Specific information for each partner institution is available on the IPUMS PMA citation page.
IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health
David Van Riper, Claire Kamp Dush, and Wendy Manning. IPUMS CDOH: Version 2.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D130.V2.0
IPUMS Higher Ed
Minnesota Population Center. IPUMS Higher Ed: Version 1.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 2016. https://doi.org/10.18128/D100.V1.0
IPUMS Enslaved Population of 1850-1860
Russell Menard, Trent Alexander, Jason Digman, and J. David Hacker. Public Use Microdata Samples of the Slave Population of 1850-1860 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, 2004. https://doi.org/10.18128/D013
IPUMS Full Count Datasets of the 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880 Censuses of Mortality
J. David Hacker, Matt A. Nelson, Matthew Sobek. IPUMS Full Count Datasets of the 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880 Censuses of Mortality [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D017.V1.0
IPUMS Terra
Steven Ruggles, Steven M. Manson, Tracy A. Kugler, David A. Haynes II, David C. Van Riper, and Maryia Bakhtsiyarava. IPUMS Terra: Integrated Data on Population and Environment: Version 2 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18128/D090.V2